The Ricker Family:
Their connection to Poland Spring
The Beginnings
The Ricker (Ricard) brothers, George and Maturin who settled in Dover, Strafford County, New Hampshire immigrated to the Colonies by the mid-to-late 1600’s. They were the sons of Noel Ricard and his second wife, Jeanne Marquand from St. Brelade Parish on the Isle of Jersey in the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands, categorized as Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom, are an archipelago in the English Channel situated about 14 miles off the coast of Normandy.[i] George, the elder of the two brothers, came first. Traditionally it is believed that he was indebted to Parson Reynar for his passage. When the amount for his passage was worked off, George’s wages brought his brother to the Colonies. The brothers were very close. It was once reported they said they wanted to die together as they could not stand being alive without each other.
The brothers settled together. John Wentworth conveyed
land to George in 1673 and in 1677 William Wentworth conveyed land to him as
well. Both parcels were previously part of Elder William Wentworth’s estate. Peter
Coffin conveyed 12 acres of land to Maturin in 1682 for £45. This area was
known as Cochecho Marsh, most of which is now in Rollingsford located at the
upper end of Garrison Hill. The ‘cartway’ to this area is known today as
Garrison Hill Road or Central Avenue.[ii]
In an unfortunate turn, Fate granted their desire as both
brothers were killed 4 June 1706. George, as he was running toward Heard’s Garrison.
Maturin was in his field with his son Noah. The Indians killed Maturin and took
Noah captive to French Canada. Noah, baptized soon after his capture as Jean
Francois Ricard, was schooled in the French way of life and later became a
priest staying in Canada his entire life.
Maturin and his unknown wife, [some researchers believe he
married Rebecca Shaw, daughter of Jonathan Shaw and Rose Otis] had 4 children. Three
sons, Maturin, Jr. married Lucy Wallingford, Noah, became Jean Francois Ricard,
Joseph who married first to Elizabeth Garland and second, Mary May and a
daughter, Sarah who married John Wingate. [iii]
Although, Maturin’s grandchildren migrated to various
parts of New England, it was Joseph’s son Jabez who migrated out of the immediate
area into central Maine carrying the Ricker name into history.
Jabez married 14 May 1761 to Mary “Molly” Wentworth in
Berwick, Maine. She was the daughter of Samuel Wentworth and Joanna Roberts.
Mary was the great granddaughter of Elder William Wentworth and Colonial Governor
Thomas Roberts, both prominent men in the settlement of Dover. John and Mary
had 10 children, 4 sons, Timothy, Samuel, Wentworth, and Joseph as well as 6
daughters, Joanna, Molly, Anna, Sarah, Elizabeth, and Phebe. Ten years later
when Joseph died, Jabez inherited the approximately 107 acres of land he
currently dwelled on. He then sold it for £3000.
Moving Eastward
Jabez and Mary with their children headed out to Alfred [some
research indicated he settled in Sanford first] sometime after his father died.
During the years he was in Alfred, he kept 94 acres of land and had partial ownership
of a mill. His desire was to set up roots and farm his property. His farm was
next door to the Shaker community, and it seems they had different ideas. The
sect was looking to expand their community holdings. In 1793, the leader of the
sect approached Jabez to tell him he must give his land to them because God
says it is so. Jabez was not in the frame of mind to just pass over 94 acres to
this religious sect. Negotiations were done, money was exchanged, and the
Shakers got the land. Jabez and family packed up and moved again.
https://www.nps.gov/articles/history-of-the-
shakers.htm. In 1783, the Shakers had set up several
enclaves throughout New England including in Alfred as pictured. It appears they would not leave Jabez and his
family alone. They wanted the ownership of Jabez’s portion
of the mill and tried to persuade him to join their group so
they could take the mill as community property, but he refused. In a different approach, they offered him 300 acres of land that originally belonged to a recent convert for the exchange of the mill. The land was in the Bakerstown Plantation which is now Poland in Androscoggin County, Maine. Between 1793 and 1794 he went to Bakerstown to check out the land. Jabez liked what he saw and agreed to the swap. Unbeknownst to him, this action started him and future generations of his family on the path to prosperity and prominence. The new property was later called “Ricker Hill”.
Developing the Inn
When Jabez arrived, the area was desolate. There was only one framed house, no roads, and no near neighbors. But it was halfway to Portland where farmers took their produce. According to later generations when asked why this area was developed the story told was that soon after he was settled, Jabez found people knocking on his door wanting to rent a place to stay. It seems this was the half-way point to Portland or the White Mountains where the farmers were taking their crops to market. This led him to develop his property as an inn. With Jabez’s three sons, this truly became a family endeavor. When In 1797, Jabez’s son Wentworth developed the property, his son Joseph became the town’s first blacksmith and made all the nails used in the construction of the inn. Jabez’s third son Samuel developed other buildings and a large barn in 1813. This activity went into creating the Wentworth Ricker Inn which started the tradition of running a hotel or inn at this location for many years. When Wentworth retired in 1834, his 25-year-old son Hiram took charge of the inn.
Hiram Ricker, the grandson of Jabez and son of Wentworth
Ricker had been chronically ill for most of his adult life with dyspepsia.[iv]
One day in 1844, he found himself overseeing his workers near a spring at
the edge of the property. For ten days, he drank only from this spring. He
discovered he became cured of his illness. Although other family members drank
from this spring, this was the first sign of its medicinal properties. During
the years from 1845 to 1859, the family began sharing the water. In 1859, they
saw the first commercial sale of this water. As their marketing reached more
people, the resort with its activities and the water with its health benefits
built the Ricker’s enterprise and put the formerly sleepy village of Poland on
the map. [Although the water is called Poland Springs, the name of the town is
Poland. Poland Springs, the area where the Ricker family produced and bottled the
water, is actually a section of the town 2 miles southeast of Poland proper.]
Hiram’s management was full of problems and financial issues. As he tried to resolve his problems he seemed to be running into bad luck at every turn. One devastating development was the railroad. Previously, the farmers and others traveling to their destination by horse and wagon stopped at the Inn for an overnight rest. By 1849, the railroad expanded their tracks to Poland and by 1853, the lines continued from Montréal to coastal Maine. This caused a sharp decline in the business since there was no longer a need for travelers to stop at the Inn. The train took less than half a day where the earlier methods of transportation would require an overnight stop in Poland. Situations were dire. He moved his family to Rumford going into the lumber business while taking out a loan on his mortgage for the farm. Again, he failed and finally the property on Ricker’s Hill was foreclosed and for 20 years remained in financial limbo. By the 1850’s through 1860’s, tourism caught on in New England. Summer visitors traveled to Old Orchard Beach, Mount Desert Island, and other recreational spots in New England. In 1869 Hiram changed his marketing strategy and rebuilt the resort. He oversaw the marketing aspect of the business, setting up what resulted in many changes with the increase of the popularity of the resort and the water sales grew to 5000 barrels by 1870.
By 1876 the Ricker family opened the Poland Spring House which
became a popular destination for the social and political elite. This hotel
included 350 guest rooms, a barber shop, studios for dance and photography,
pool room, music hall, bowling alley and other modern attributes to become the
crown jewel of the resort. With the Civil War over, people were ready to get
back to enjoying life again. The same trains that were to blame for the
downfall of the resort bought the tourists to Poland to help establish the
resort again.
In 1894 the
Maine State Building originally built for the Maine entry in the Chicago
World’s Fair of 1893 was bought. The Ricker family had it disassembled and
transported to Poland, reassembled, and used as a library and art gallery for
its resort guests. This building was one of only a few buildings that survived from
the Chicago World’s Fair. A year later a nine-hole golf course opened.
The water
sales were not ignored. In 1907 a new bottling plant and spring house opened.
With this update, the family was able to produce over 450 cases of water per
shift. Business ran somewhat smoothly until the results of the Depression
caught up with them. It was in the 1930’s the family lost their business.
Over the years, since then the property changed hands several times.
Demolition or Development?
During the early 1970’s the Inn at Poland Spring, the
Lodge and the Maine Inn were the only facilities running for guest use. The
golf course was in bad shape with only a few members. The property went up for
sale again. In 1972, the property was scheduled to be demolished for a new
development to be built on that site. However, Mel Robbins saw something in the
property. He leased the Maine Inn, but he ran it without a strategy change, losing
all his money. He reexamined his business strategy and by 1973 came out in the
black. Two years later, in 1975, he was sitting on a booming business, in love and
got married. He was in process of obtaining finances from the bank to fix the
Poland Spring House when it burned down. The Poland Spring Preservation Society
was founded in 1976. The next year, Saul Feldman who owned the resort and Mel
Robbins, who held an option on the buildings gave the Preservation Society
title to the Maine State Building and All Souls Chapel. Two years later,
Perrier bought the Poland Spring Water Company, upgraded it, and went from 1
part-time employee to 900 in Maine. Perrier was bought by Nestle Water who by
2001 spent 3 million dollars to renovate the abandoned Poland Spring Historic bottling
plant turning it into a museum. In 2006, Poland Spring Water was the largest
selling brand in the United States. Today, the water comes from various
locations around the state since the original spring dried up approximately 50
years ago.
Summary
The development of the Ricker’s enterprise fit into the era
called the Gilded Age which started in approximately 1860 and ended about 1900.
This era was a time of rapid economic growth and development after America
settled down from the trials before and after the Civil War. The railroad
industry allowed travel, wages increased, the industrial revolution was in full
force, populations increased allowing cities to develop. The Ricker family fit
right into its mold. The resort and water production needed workers. Many of
which stayed on and raised their families there. Not only was this an increase
in population for the area but of higher prosperity as well.
Remember the lumber industry in Rumford that Hiram Ricker could
not build a business with? Papermaking became a new industry in the area. Along
the Little Androscoggin River at Mechanic’s Falls several mills for papermaking
were set up. In 1851, a mill was built producing a ton of paper per day and by
1890 5 mills produced 15 tons of paper daily. Shoe factories were set up and excessing
Civil War rates, turned out over 13 million pairs of shoes in 1890. This was
also the time when a major influx of immigrants came to the United States. The
patrons of the summer resorts primarily came from the cities, to escape the heat
and immigrants. The tide of Progress swept along Poland’s progressive sons and
daughters which led to the town’s institution – the Poland Spring resort. The
creators of the Poland’s greatest industry and its most famous progeny was the
Ricker family.[v]
None of this would have even been thought of if it was not
for Jabez Ricker answering his door and starting the Inn at Ricker Hill along
with Hiram Ricker’s 10 days he spent in the field with his workers drinking
water from the Spring.
The next time you see a bottle of Poland Spring water, think of all the history that went into it and Maturin Ricker, the immigrant who was killed in an Indian raid and how his descendants contributed to the growth and prosperity of this area.
As a note: Joseph, Maturin's is my 6th Great Grandfather through his daughter Mehitable who married Samuel Brackett. Jabez is my 5th Great Grand Uncle.
[i]
Swan, Paul. Swan-Harwell Family History. Freepages.rootsweb.com/~paulswan/genealogy/ricker_lineage.html.
Introduction. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia – Channel Island.
[ii] Scales,
John. Colonial Era History of Dover, New Hampshire (Heritage Books, Inc.
Reprint 2008) p. 233/4.
[iii] Libby, Charles Thornton, Genealogical Dictionary of Maine and New Hampshire. (The Southward Press, 1928 Portland, ME) p.586
[iv] History of Poland Spring – Poland Spring Resort. Poland Spring History – Poland Spring Preservation Society (polandspringps.org)
[v]
Richards, David L. Poland Spring, A Tale of the Gilded Age, 1860-1900
(University of New Hampshire Press. paperback 2006 Lebanon, NH)
